The Case Control Study of Serum Magnesium level In Pulmonary Tuberculosis and Its Correlation with the Stage of Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Background: In 2016, 6.3 million cases of PTB were reported by WHO. Magnesium is extremely essential for life and is present as intracellular ion in all living cells and tissues¹. Some workers have found serum Magnesium level to decrease in cases of PTB, which rises towards normal with specific treatment. Objectives: 1. To estimate and compare serum Magnesium levels in cases and controls 2. To measure correlation between Magnesium levels and severity of PTB Materials and Methods: This was a prospective case control study, conducted on 30 PTB patients and 30 controls who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study. This study was done in S.Nijalingappa Medical College, Bagalkot, Karnataka during the period September 2021 to January 2022. All patients were clinically evaluated and underwent relevant investigations. Results: There was significant decrease in Serum Magnesium in cases and more decreased in moderately advanced and far advanced disease. Conclusion: The study concludes that there is significant reduction in Serum Magnesium in PTB and it further decreases as the severity of PTB increases, hence necessitating early treatment of PTB and need for Magnesium supplementation in PTB patients.

Susceptibility pattern of streptococcal isolates from oral cavity against commonly used antibiotics

To assess the susceptibility pattern of streptococcal isolates from oral cavity against commonly used antibiotics. Oral samples, including subgingival swabs, were collected from 120 patients aged 12 to 60 years. Two swabs were collected; first for rapid-strep testing for the presumptive diagnosis of Group A Streptococcal infection and second to culture for definitive bacterial identification. Antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated strains of streptococcus was done by direct disk diffusion method. Four different classes of antibiotics; Penicillin, Cephalosporin, Macrolide, and Vancomycin were tested to determine the sensitivity pattern. Out of 100 isolates recovered, the prevalence of streptococcal species was74%. The greatest zone of inhibition was achieved with amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, and vancomycin [16, 17, and 18 mm respectively]. Zones of inhibition measured for cephalosporins and macrolides were less than the other groups [10.5 and 11 mm respectively]. Amoxicillin is still the drug of choice for prophylactic and therapeutic use in our dental settings not only for its better coverage on the streptococcus species but also due to its easy availability and affordability. This corresponds with the international literature, however, the importance of obtaining specimens for culture and sensitivity should be observed as a standard procedure, to minimize the chances of development of resistance and identify the changing trends of the infectivity mode

Carotid body tumor: MRI appearance

A 52-year-old male presented with a painless swelling of the right side of the neck of four months duration. The clinical examination was unremarkable except for the swelling. On deep palpation pulsations were felt. Patient was referred to radiology department for ultrasonography neck on grey scale imaging there was an echogenic mass at the level of carotid bifurcation on Doppler study there was blood flow within the mass associated with displacement of the internal carotid artery due to pressure effect. Carotid body tumor was suspected and patient underwent for CT and MRI for confirmation

Neck swelling in children: an unusual presentation

Neck swelling in the children's has always been a diagnostic challenge for radiologists. A 3 year boy presented in the surgical outdoor with a painless lateral neck mass and was referred to our department for USG neck. On USG ectopic thymus was suspected. MRI was advised to confirm the ultrasound finding .MRI confirmed our ultrasound diagnosis by typical appearance of thymic tissue using different sequences. Information about this anatomic variant and of its variable clinical presentation is essential and it should be included in the differential diagnosis of neck masses, especially in children

Effect of nystatin, gentian violet and garlic extract on candidiasis patients undergoing radiation therapy in head and neck region

To evaluate the in-vivo anticandidal activity of Nystatin, Gentian Violet and Garlic extract on candidiasis patient receiving radiation therapy in Head and Neck region. The in-vivo antifungal activity of Nystatin, Gentian Violet and Garlic Extract were carried out on 60 patients. These patients were divided into 3 groups [Group I = Nystatin, Group 2= Gentian violet, Group 3= Garlic extract]. Each group consisted of 20 patients. The clinical lesion were recorded and graded during the treatment according to the Lindquist/Hickey scale on 0th 7th and 15th day and the anticandidal effect of these drugs were evaluated by oral lesion index evolution through simple mean. Result showed that Nystatin, Gentian violet and Garlic Extract were found to be very effective. It can be concluded from the study that all the drugs were effective against Candida albicans and secondly the organism has not developed any resistance to these drugs

In vitro effect of nystatin, gentian violet and garlic extract on candida albicans isolates from oral cavity

To evaluate in-vitro anticandidal activity of Nystatin. Gentian Violet and Garlic extract on Candida albicans isolates from oral cavity. For screening of antifungal activity of Nystatin. Gentian Violet and Garlic Extract, 100 clinical isolates were collected from the department of Radiotherapy. Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center and Fatima Jinnah Dental College and Hospital, Karachi. The samples were collected from the oral cavity and the sample site was buccal mucosa, tongue and hard palate. These isolates were finally identified on the basis of morphology and cultural characteristics and confirmed using germ tube method. The antifungal activity of Nystatin, Gentian Violet and Garlic Extract were carried out by disc diffusion method. Result showed that the mean zone of inhibition of Nystatin was 17.9mm, Gentian violet was 16.6mm and Garlic Extract was 16.6mm and all the drugs used were found to be very effective. It can be concluded from the study that all the drugs are very effective against clinical isolates of Candida albicans and secondly the organism had not developed any resistance to these drugs